Diagnostic Footprint Agent
How would the clinical concepts appear in claims?
Claims Code Universe: Diagnosis & Procedures
Framework steps included
Step 4 (Diagnosis code universe (ICD-10-CM, ICD-9-CM, ICD-11)), Step 5 (Procedure, test and encounter codes: diagnostic evidence, non-drug treatment (surgery, radiation, transplant, CAR-T), drug administration, clinical-trial participation), Laboratory and molecular testing codes (LOINC, CPT), Disease-state coding conventions: suspected / rule-out, confirmed, active, remission, relapse, secondary or metastatic, personal history, Observability limitations
What happens in this stage
Expected output
- Three-system diagnosis code crosswalk (ICD-9-CM legacy | ICD-10-CM current | ICD-11 stem + extension | Description | Effective and retirement dates)
- Disease-state code variants (suspected / rule-out, confirmed, active, remission, relapse, secondary or metastatic, personal history Z85)
- ICD-11 extension codes for molecular subtypes, layered onto the disease stem
- Diagnostic test, procedure and non-drug treatment code universe (Category | Example codes | Purpose)
- Drug administration and clinical-trial participation codes (Code | Use | Note)
- Monitoring signal table
- Observability limitations
Synthesis
Questions and answers
Every question in this stage with the answer established from its sources. This is the record the synthesis and tables above are built from.
What ICD-10-CM diagnosis codes identify acute lymphoblastic leukemia, including status, remission, relapse, secondary neoplasm, and personal-history (e.g., Z85) variants?
What CPT and HCPCS codes cover bone marrow biopsy, aspiration and flow cytometry in ALL?
What CPT and LOINC codes cover cytogenetic and molecular testing relevant to ALL?
How are ICD-9-CM and ICD-11 leukemia codes crosswalked to ICD-10-CM, and what are each code's effective and retirement dates across annual code-set updates?
Which ICD-11 extension codes express ALL molecular subtypes on the disease stem?
Not answered. evidence was retrieved but no source answered the question
What procedure codes identify non-drug anti-cancer treatments for ALL, such as radiation, stem cell transplant, and CAR-T?
Which drug administration codes (e.g., the CPT 96413 chemotherapy administration series) provide treatment evidence in ALL when the drug code is missing or unspecified?
Not answered. evidence was retrieved but no source answered the question
Which codes identify clinical trial participation in ALL (e.g., Z00.6, Q0/Q1 modifiers)?
Three-system diagnosis code crosswalk (ICD-9-CM legacy | ICD-10-CM current | ICD-11 stem + extension | Description | Effective and retirement dates)
| ICD-9-CM legacy | ICD-10-CM current | ICD-11 stem + extension | Description | Effective and retirement dates |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 20400 | C91.00 | Not provided | Acute lymphoid/leukoblastic leukemia not having achieved remission or without mention of remission U.S. National Library of Medicine | "The 2026 edition of ICD-10-CM C91.00 became effective on October 1, 2025"; retirement dates not provided Open web |
| 20401 | C91.01 | Not provided | Acute lymphoid/leukoblastic leukemia, in remission U.S. National Library of Medicine | Effective and retirement dates not provided U.S. National Library of Medicine |
| 20402 | C91.02 | Not provided | Acute lymphoid/leukoblastic leukemia, in relapse U.S. National Library of Medicine | Effective and retirement dates not provided U.S. National Library of Medicine |
| V1061 | Not provided | Not provided | Personal history of lymphoid leukemia U.S. National Library of Medicine | Effective and retirement dates not provided U.S. National Library of Medicine |
[VERIFIED] The supplied documents do not provide ICD-11 mappings, ICD-9-to-ICD-10 linkage rules, or retirement-date histories beyond the cited ICD-10-CM effective-date statement.
Disease-state code variants (suspected / rule-out, confirmed, active, remission, relapse, secondary or metastatic, personal history Z85)
| Disease-state category | Code system | Code | Description | Claims interpretation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Suspected / rule-out | Not provided | Not provided | Not provided | The supplied documents do not provide coding conventions distinguishing suspected versus confirmed ALL diagnoses CMS ICD-10-CM Release Files |
| Active disease | ICD-10-CM | C91.00 | Acute lymphoblastic leukemia not having achieved remission U.S. National Library of Medicine | C91.00 is applicable to "Acute lymphoblastic leukemia with failed remission" and "Acute lymphoblastic leukemia NOS" Open web |
| Remission | ICD-10-CM | C91.01 | Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, in remission U.S. National Library of Medicine | Remission-state ALL diagnosis concept CMS ICD-10-CM Release Files |
| Relapse | ICD-10-CM | C91.02 | Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, in relapse U.S. National Library of Medicine | Relapse-state ALL diagnosis concept CMS ICD-10-CM Release Files |
| Secondary or metastatic involvement | Not provided | Not provided | Not provided | The supplied materials do not provide specific ICD-10-CM secondary malignancy involvement codes CMS ICD-10-CM Release Files |
| Personal history | ICD-9-CM | V1061 | Personal history of lymphoid leukemia U.S. National Library of Medicine | ICD-10-CM personal-history Z85 mappings were not provided U.S. National Library of Medicine |
[VERIFIED] The evidence set identifies remission-state coding but does not provide refractory-specific ICD-10-CM codes beyond failed-remission terminology attached to C91.00.
ICD-11 extension codes for molecular subtypes, layered onto the disease stem
| ICD-11 stem code | ICD-11 extension code | Subtype represented | Evidence status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Not provided | Not provided | Molecular, cytogenetic, immunophenotypic, or lineage-specific ALL subtype | The supplied documents do not provide ICD-11 extension codes for ALL subtypes CMS ICD-10-CM Release Files |
[VERIFIED] No ICD-11 stem or extension-code mappings were identified in the supplied evidence.
Diagnostic test, procedure and non-drug treatment code universe (Category | Example codes | Purpose)
| Category | Example codes | Purpose |
|---|---|---|
| Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy | HCPCS G0364 | "Bone marrow aspiration performed with bone marrow biopsy through the same incision on the same date of service" U.S. National Library of Medicine |
| Bone marrow biopsy device | HCPCS C1830 | "Powered bone marrow biopsy needle" U.S. National Library of Medicine |
| Bone marrow pathology reporting | LOINC 33721-2; LOINC 66119-9; LOINC 48807-2 | Bone marrow pathology biopsy report and bone marrow aspiration report concepts U.S. National Library of Medicine |
| Flow cytometry laboratory assessment | LOINC 33719-6; 61126-9; 107079-6; 61123-6; 30364-4; 101147-7; 104548-3; 54226-6; 69052-9 | Flow cytometry study, blast-cell assessment, lymphocyte/leukocyte quantification, lymphoma panel, and specialist review concepts U.S. National Library of Medicine |
| FISH cytogenetic testing | CPT 88237; 88275; 88271 | FISH testing used "for diagnostic and prognostic purposes as well as for follow-up to evaluate patient response to therapy" in pediatric or adult ALL Open web |
| Radiation therapy and stem cell transplant | Specific procedure codes not provided | ALL treatment may include "radiation therapy" and "stem cell transplant" Open web |
[VERIFIED] The supplied evidence does not provide ICD-10-PCS, leukapheresis, cellular collection, conditioning regimen, CAR-T administration, or comprehensive hematopathology CPT coding.
Drug administration and clinical-trial participation codes (Code | Use | Note)
| Code | Use | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Q0 | Investigational clinical service modifier | The supplied documents do not provide Q0 modifier definitions or usage Open web |
| Q1 | Routine clinical trial service modifier | The supplied documents do not provide Q1 modifier definitions or usage Open web |
| Drug administration CPT/HCPCS codes | Evidence of systemic anti-cancer treatment exposure | The supplied documents do not provide CPT and HCPCS drug-administration procedure codes for ALL CMS ICD-10-CM Release Files |
[VERIFIED] Evidence was not supplied for chemotherapy administration procedure coding, investigational billing indicators, or routine trial-care markers.
Monitoring signal table
| Monitoring concept | Potential signal | Supporting code(s) | Interpretive note |
|---|---|---|---|
| Active ALL disease | Diagnosis claim | C91.00 | Active disease or failed-remission terminology associated with ALL U.S. National Library of Medicine |
| Remission monitoring | Diagnosis status transition | C91.01 | Remission-state diagnosis coding identified in ICD-10-CM U.S. National Library of Medicine |
| Relapse monitoring | Diagnosis status transition | C91.02 | Relapse-state diagnosis coding identified in ICD-10-CM U.S. National Library of Medicine |
| Bone marrow reassessment | Procedure utilization | G0364; C1830 | Bone marrow aspiration/biopsy and biopsy-device coding may indicate diagnostic or monitoring encounters U.S. National Library of Medicine |
| Flow cytometry reassessment | Laboratory observation | LOINC 33719-6; 61126-9; 107079-6 | Flow cytometry concepts include blasts/cells and blood assessment U.S. National Library of Medicine |
| Cytogenetic follow-up | FISH testing utilization | CPT 88237; 88275; 88271 | FISH may be used for follow-up to evaluate patient response to therapy Open web |
[INFERENCE] Monitoring interpretations are based on repeated appearance of diagnosis, procedure, and laboratory concepts over time in longitudinal claims or linked laboratory data.
Observability limitations
Claims observability
| Clinical concept | Signal classification | Basis | Limitation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Active ALL disease | DIRECT SIGNAL | ICD-10-CM code C91.00 is defined as "Acute lymphoblastic leukemia not having achieved remission." | The supplied documents do not provide suspected-versus-confirmed coding conventions. |
| ALL remission state | DIRECT SIGNAL | ICD-10-CM code C91.01 is defined as "Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, in remission." | Remission coding alone does not establish treatment exposure or minimal residual disease status. |
| ALL relapse state | DIRECT SIGNAL | ICD-10-CM code C91.02 is defined as "Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, in relapse." | Refractory-specific diagnosis codes were not separately identified in the supplied materials. |
| Bone marrow reassessment | PROXY SIGNAL | HCPCS G0364 identifies combined bone marrow aspiration and biopsy procedures. | Procedure occurrence does not independently distinguish diagnosis from surveillance or relapse evaluation. |
| Flow-cytometry monitoring | PROXY SIGNAL | Multiple LOINC entries describe flow cytometry studies, blast-cell measurements, and lymphoma panels. | LOINC observability may depend on linked laboratory data availability rather than adjudicated medical claims alone. |
| Molecular subtype capture with ICD-11 extensions | NOT OBSERVABLE | The supplied evidence does not provide ICD-11 extension codes for ALL molecular or lineage-specific subtypes. | No ICD-11 layering schema was identified in the supplied documents. |
| Clinical-trial participation | NOT OBSERVABLE | No Q0/Q1 modifiers, investigational indicators, or trial-related revenue codes were identified in the supplied evidence. | Trial participation may be under-detected without external registry linkage or payer-specific indicators. |
A proxy signal is observable in claims only through the listed surrogate; it is not a direct field.
Source disagreements identified in this stage
| Topic | Source A | Source A says | Source B | Source B says | Possible reason |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| what icd-10-cm diagnosis codes identify acute lymphoblastic leukemia, including status, remission, relapse, secondary neoplasm, and personal-history (e.g., z85) variants | U.S. National Library of Medicine (tier 1) Tier 1 | ICD-9-CM code 20401 is defined as "Acute lymphoid leukemia, in remission" in the NLM Clinical Tables (ICD-9-CM) ICD-9-CM table. | Open web (tier 3) Tier 3 | ## Acute lymphoblastic leukemia not having achieved remission | One claim describes an in-remission leukemia code while the other describes not having achieved remission, which are incompatible disease-status definitions. |
| what icd-10-cm diagnosis codes identify acute lymphoblastic leukemia, including status, remission, relapse, secondary neoplasm, and personal-history (e.g., z85) variants | U.S. National Library of Medicine (tier 1) Tier 1 | ICD-9-CM code 20401 is defined as "Acute lymphoid leukemia, in remission" in the NLM Clinical Tables (ICD-9-CM) ICD-9-CM table. | Open web (tier 3) Tier 3 | | C91.00 | Acute lymphoblastic leukemia not having achieved remission | Use for newly diagnosed or active ALL without remission. | - Bone marrow blasts ≥20% - Flow cytometry confirming B/T-cell lineage | | One claim defines an in-remission code whereas the other defines a not-in-remission code, so they assert different remission statuses for the same disease category. |
| what icd-10-cm diagnosis codes identify acute lymphoblastic leukemia, including status, remission, relapse, secondary neoplasm, and personal-history (e.g., z85) variants | U.S. National Library of Medicine (tier 1) Tier 1 | ICD-9-CM code 20402 is defined as "Acute lymphoid leukemia, in relapse" in the NLM Clinical Tables (ICD-9-CM) ICD-9-CM table. | Open web (tier 3) Tier 3 | ## Acute lymphoblastic leukemia not having achieved remission | One claim defines a relapse-state leukemia code while the other describes disease not having achieved remission, which are distinct and conflicting statuses. |
| what icd-10-cm diagnosis codes identify acute lymphoblastic leukemia, including status, remission, relapse, secondary neoplasm, and personal-history (e.g., z85) variants | U.S. National Library of Medicine (tier 1) Tier 1 | ICD-10-CM code C91.01 is defined as "Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, in remission" in the NLM Clinical Tables (ICD-10-CM) ICD-10-CM table. | Open web (tier 3) Tier 3 | ## Acute lymphoblastic leukemia not having achieved remission | One claim specifies acute lymphoblastic leukemia in remission while the other specifies not having achieved remission, which are contradictory statuses. |
| what icd-10-cm diagnosis codes identify acute lymphoblastic leukemia, including status, remission, relapse, secondary neoplasm, and personal-history (e.g., z85) variants | U.S. National Library of Medicine (tier 1) Tier 1 | ICD-10-CM code C91.01 is defined as "Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, in remission" in the NLM Clinical Tables (ICD-10-CM) ICD-10-CM table. | Open web (tier 3) Tier 3 | | C91.00 | Acute lymphoblastic leukemia not having achieved remission | Use for newly diagnosed or active ALL without remission. | - Bone marrow blasts ≥20% - Flow cytometry confirming B/T-cell lineage | | The first claim defines an in-remission code and the second defines a not-in-remission code, creating a direct status conflict. |
| what icd-10-cm diagnosis codes identify acute lymphoblastic leukemia, including status, remission, relapse, secondary neoplasm, and personal-history (e.g., z85) variants | U.S. National Library of Medicine (tier 1) Tier 1 | ICD-10-CM code C91.02 is defined as "Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, in relapse" in the NLM Clinical Tables (ICD-10-CM) ICD-10-CM table. | Open web (tier 3) Tier 3 | ## Acute lymphoblastic leukemia not having achieved remission | One claim defines relapse disease status while the other defines not having achieved remission, which are different and incompatible statuses. |
| what icd-10-cm diagnosis codes identify acute lymphoblastic leukemia, including status, remission, relapse, secondary neoplasm, and personal-history (e.g., z85) variants | U.S. National Library of Medicine (tier 1) Tier 1 | ICD-10-CM code C91.02 is defined as "Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, in relapse" in the NLM Clinical Tables (ICD-10-CM) ICD-10-CM table. | Open web (tier 3) Tier 3 | | C91.00 | Acute lymphoblastic leukemia not having achieved remission | Use for newly diagnosed or active ALL without remission. | - Bone marrow blasts ≥20% - Flow cytometry confirming B/T-cell lineage | | The first claim identifies a relapse code whereas the second identifies a not-in-remission code, so they conflict on disease status. |
| how are icd-9-cm and icd-11 leukemia codes crosswalked to icd-10-cm, and what are each code's effective and retirement dates across annual code-set updates | U.S. National Library of Medicine (tier 1) Tier 1 | ICD-10-CM code C91.01 is defined as "Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, in remission" in the NLM Clinical Tables (ICD-10-CM) ICD-10-CM table. | Open web (tier 3) Tier 3 | Acute lymphoblastic leukemia not having achieved remission C91.00Billable | The claims assign different remission statuses within ICD-10-CM acute lymphoblastic leukemia coding: C91.01 is in remission whereas C91.00 is not having achieved remission. |
| how are icd-9-cm and icd-11 leukemia codes crosswalked to icd-10-cm, and what are each code's effective and retirement dates across annual code-set updates | U.S. National Library of Medicine (tier 1) Tier 1 | ICD-9-CM code 20402 is defined as "Acute lymphoid leukemia, in relapse" in the NLM Clinical Tables (ICD-9-CM) ICD-9-CM table. | Open web (tier 3) Tier 3 | Acute lymphoblastic leukemia not having achieved remission C91.00Billable | The claims describe different disease-status concepts for acute lymphoblastic/lymphoid leukemia: relapse versus not having achieved remission. |
| how are icd-9-cm and icd-11 leukemia codes crosswalked to icd-10-cm, and what are each code's effective and retirement dates across annual code-set updates | U.S. National Library of Medicine (tier 1) Tier 1 | ICD-10-CM code C91.02 is defined as "Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, in relapse" in the NLM Clinical Tables (ICD-10-CM) ICD-10-CM table. | Open web (tier 3) Tier 3 | Acute lymphoblastic leukemia not having achieved remission C91.00Billable | The claims refer to different ICD-10-CM remission-status concepts: C91.02 is in relapse whereas C91.00 is not having achieved remission. |
Disagreements are surfaced, not resolved. SME adjudication required.
Key takeaways from this stage
- ICD-10-CM ALL diagnosis coding in the supplied evidence is centered on the C91.0 family with explicit active, remission, and relapse states (C91.00, C91.01, C91.02).
- Legacy ICD-9-CM leukemia status coding includes active disease, remission, relapse, and personal-history concepts such as V1061.
- HCPCS G0364 and C1830 plus multiple LOINC flow-cytometry and bone-marrow concepts provide observable diagnostic-workup signals in claims-linked datasets.
- FISH-associated CPT codes 88237, 88275, and 88271 were identified with ALL-relevant genomic targets including BCR/ABL1, KMT2A, and ETV6/RUNX1.
- The supplied evidence does not provide ICD-11 subtype extensions, comprehensive non-drug treatment procedure coding, or chemotherapy-administration coding.
- Longitudinal ALL line-of-therapy analytics may require combining diagnosis-state transitions with laboratory and procedure utilization because direct treatment-intent coding is incompletely represented in the evidence set.
Assumptions made in this stage
- ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM concepts were aligned by identical remission-state wording when presented together in the supplied evidence.
- LOINC laboratory concepts were included because the supplied questions explicitly requested claims-oriented coding references and monitoring signals.
- Open-web references were retained only where directly cited in the established answers and not expanded beyond quoted content.
Evidence base for this stage: 62 item(s) from 6 source(s); 39 from approved sources, 23 supplementary web. Tiers represented: 1, 3.